Jump to content

Tim Crow

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tim Crow
NationalityBritish
Occupation(s)Psychiatrist and researcher
Academic background
EducationLondon University
University of Aberdeen

Timothy John Crow[1] OBE FMedSci is a British psychiatrist and researcher from Oxford.[2] Much of his research is related to the causes of schizophrenia. He also has an interest in neurology and the evolutionary theory. He is the Honorary Director of the Prince of Wales International Centre for Research into Schizophrenia and Depression. He qualified at the Royal London Hospital in 1964 and obtained a PhD at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1970. He is a fellow of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Psychiatrists and the Academy of Medical Sciences. Crow was for twenty years Head of the Division of Psychiatry of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Research Centre at Northwick Park Hospital and then a member of the External Scientific staff of the MRC in Oxford.

Research

[edit]

Neurobiology of reinforcement and motivation

[edit]

Crow worked in the Department of Physiology at University of Aberdeen in the late 1960s and early 1970s, where he conducted pharmacological and behavioural studies of reinforcement and self-stimulation in rats, funded by a grant from the Medical Research Council [3]. He published a number of articles dissecting the role of the various catecholamines in reinforcement and motivation, and in 1973 was the first person to publish an article arguing for a key role for the neurotransmitter dopamine in 'incentive motivation' [4] , acknowledged in 2006 by Berridge [5] and by Robbins and Everitt [6]

Psychosis and schizophrenia

[edit]

Crow's long term research interests are in the nature and causation of the major psychoses. These illnesses are characterised by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, and disorders of thinking that are generally onset in early and middle adult life. Encompassing schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis, these disorders are common, affecting around 2% of the population in the course of a lifetime.

In the first CT scan study in 1976 Crow and colleagues at Northwick Park demonstrated that there are structural changes (e.g. a degree of enlargement of the cerebral ventricles) in individuals who have suffered from schizophrenia.[7] Much subsequent work with MRI scans and in post-mortem brain studies has confirmed this and suggests that the changes are in the cerebral cortex and particularly are related to the subtle asymmetries that are characteristic of the human cortex. Through various experiments and observation, Crow has also proven that people with Schizophrenia show less left-sided dominance for language.[8]

In the 1980s, Crow published an article that became a breakthrough in the field of research on schizophrenia.[9] Crow focused on the classification of the symptoms of the disease instead of focusing on patients. Crow later introduced two syndromes of schizophrenia, one that is based on positive symptoms and the other on negative symptoms.[10]

See also

[edit]
  • LRRTM1, a gene linked to handedness and psychotic disorders[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Year's Honours 2018" (PDF). Gov.uk. Government Digital Service. 29 December 2017. p. 26. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
  2. ^ Workman and Reader, Lance and Will (2004). Evolutionary psychology: an introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-521-80532-2.
  3. ^ Crow, T J (1969). "Mode of Enhancement of Self Stimulation in Rats by Methamphetamine". Nature. 224: 709–710. doi:10.1038/224709a0.
  4. ^ Crow, T J (1973). "Catecholamine-containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation. 2. A theoretical interpretation and some psychiatric implications". Psychol Med. 3 (1): 66–73. doi:10.1017/s0033291700046353. PMID 4692492.
  5. ^ Berridge, K C (2007). "The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience". Psychopharmacology. 191: 391–431. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0578-x. PMID 17072591.
  6. ^ Robbins, T W (2007). "A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: commentary on Berridge". Psychopharmacology. 191: 433–437. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0528-7. PMID 16977476.
  7. ^ Grazi, E. (12 August 2013). "Cerebral ventricular size and cognitive impairment in... [Lancet. 1976] – PubMed – NCBI". The Biochemical Journal. 151 (1). Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: 167–72. doi:10.1042/bj1510167. PMC 1172339. PMID 2160.
  8. ^ Crow, T J (1997). "Schizophrenia as failure of hemispheric dominance for language" (PDF). Trends in Neurosciences. 20 (8). Elsevier: 339–343. doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01071-0. ISSN 0166-2236. PMID 9246721. S2CID 208787124.
  9. ^ McKenna & Oh (2005). Schizophrenic Speech. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University press.
  10. ^ Frith, Christopher (1992). The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Psychology Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-86377-224-5.
  11. ^ Stafford, Tom (2004). Mind Hacks. O' Reilly. ISBN 0-596-00779-5.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tim_Crow&oldid=1258263217"